METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF USING A SYSTEM-INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING CERTAIN TOPICS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES

Abstract

In the article analysis the possibilities of introducing a system-integrative approach to the training of master teachers in the process of mastering the cycle of basic sciences (physics, astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, cosmogony, chemistry) is analyzed.

Formulation of the problem. The possibility has been substantiated of one of the variants of the system-integrative approach to the structuring and study of educational material about the fundamental interactions in nature and the current state of the process of combining the theories that describe them.

Materials and methods. The research methods used were a comprehensive analysis of scientific and methodological sources, which represent a system-integrative approach to solving pedagogical problems, and a synthesis of relevant research results published in scientific and pedagogical publications, with the results of the author's work on their experimental implementation in educational practice. It consisted in the analysis and generalization of the results of relevant publications in scientific and pedagogical publications and author's developments on their experimental implementation in educational practice. The integrative content of the material on fundamental interactions in nature is proposed to be presented sequentially in the form of three subtopics (questions). First, the nature of all fundamental interactions, their general characteristics, comparative data on the value of numerical values, formulas of dimensionless world constants describing these interactions, the manifestation of fundamental interactions (forces) in physics, astronomy, chemistry, etc. are considered. The next step is to determine the effect of changes in the numerical values ​​of world constants on the evolution of the universe. After that, modern theories are considered on a qualitative level, which try to unite all fundamental interactions into a single system (scientific picture of the world).

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the possibilities of integrative study of material on fundamental interactions in nature, emphasize their fundamental opposite properties (long-range nature of gravitational and electromagnetic interactions and short-range - weak and strong), which in combination determine the structural unity and evolution of our universe. the possibility of the existence of a plurality of other universes, the property of the inexhaustible "fragmentation" of matter into smaller and smaller particles, thus confirming the dialectic of unity and the struggle of opposites.

Conclusions. System-integrative approach to the study of fundamental interactions in nature makes it possible to determine the fundamental significance of the difference between long-range and short-range forces of nature: on the one hand - interactions of unlimited range (gravity and electromagnetism), and on the other - small radius (strong and weak). This demonstrates that the world of natural processes unfolds within these two polarities and at the same time embodies the unity of the extremely small and infinitely large - the microworld and the mega world, the elementary particle and the whole universe. In other words, the description of nature lies between two opposite pictures. In this "middle" description, physical laws lead to a new form of cognition, which is expressed by probabilistic representations. That is, being associated with the dynamic instability of natural systems (both micro- and macroscopic), the laws of nature operate only with the possibility of events, and do not make individual events predictable.